DOUBLING 3

IMP & ING

These two strokes, when doubled, add different sounds than all the other strokes.

(A) IMP/IMB

Stroke Imp is doubled to add -er, as an alternative to the hooked form, to get a good join, either alone or after a downstroke:
 

amber ember simper sombre stamper*

*Note the loop stays the same size
 

pamper plumper bumper tamper

temper temperature timber damper
 

chamber jumper December September
 

simpering pampering tampering timbering
 

Not doubled if there is a definite vowel after the Imp:
 

ampere impair impairment impure impurity

Reminder of hooked Imp, used after horizontal and upstrokes:

camper/camber lumber hamper romper whimper

(B) STROKE ING

Stroke Ing is doubled to add final -ker or -ger, as an alternative to the hooked form to get a good join, either alone or after an upstroke :
 

anger/anchor anchorage stinker* longer linger

*Note the loop stays the same size
 

malinger ranker/rancour hanker hunger/hunker

Reminder of hooked Ing, used after horizontals or downstrokes:

banker tanker conker/conquer/conger finger thinker

Reminder of Ing-er: singer wringer winger flinger

(C) DOUBLING NOT USED

Not used if a vowel follows:
 

powdery entry rectory signatory
 

feathery flattery rancorous wintry

laundry boundary inventory embroidery

(D) Not used if it would produce two strokes of unequal length with no clear angle (the same as applies to halving):
 

factor victor navigator legator

monitor nominator exterminator

(E) Not used in past tenses, these change to normal strokes with hooks/halving:

featured shattered mattered entered filtered altered

ordered pictured pondered tendered countered thundered

ventured foundered rendered surrendered wondered hindered

powdered tutored pampered tempered

angered lingered hungered conquered

(F) Not used for the Ith sound:
 

anther panther Arthur Luther

Not used for an accented vowel:

inter intern internal austere

Not used in some derivatives:
 

alternate (adjective), alternate (verb), alternative alteration

standard standardise electorate picturesque

Note these are not doubled: stutter stuttered stutterer

(G) Stee

A doubled stroke does not take a final Stee loop:

slender slenderest motor motorist

Names

Written in full, as that is more precise:

Madder Mather Wetherby Wetterby

(H) Distinguishing Outlines
 

temporal temporary temporarily

Phrases

Doubling adds these words in phrases "there, their, other":
 

in their/there, have their/there, from their/there, some other
 

having their, making their, taking their, seeking their
 

I think there is, I am sure there is, I shall be there, I have been there, we have done their

Distinguishing Phrases
 

for their, if their, for there is, if there is

another, any other*, in their/there    * Omits the R Hook

N Hook adds "on" "than", and, as with halving, the reading order of the sounds is reversed, so that the doubling is read first, and then the Hook N read as a separate word:
 

rather than, later on/later than, any later than, no later than

longer than, any longer than, no longer than
 

SUMMARY

• Imp is doubled to add -er sound, alone or after downstroke, alternative to hooked form: umber simper temper

• Ing is doubled to add -ker or -ger sound, alone or after upstroke, alternative to hooked form: anchor sinker hanker

• Doubling not used if a vowel follows: boundary

• Not used if the different lengths would not show: monitor

• Not used in past tenses: littered rendered

EXTRA VOCABULARY

inker sinker slinker winker

terminator denominator fathered flattered

muttered motored mothered nattered centred

neutered shuddered frittered littered slaughtered soldered

slithered spidered scattered spattered spluttered

embroidered bonkers Yonkers directory

timbered structured fractured splintered pandered

slandered chuntered wandered laundered floundered
 

impounder imponderable imponderous

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