FINAL HOOKS 1

There are two small hooks that can be written at the end of a stroke:

• Clockwise hook represents the sound of N

• Anticlockwise hook represents the sound of F or V (Lesson 27)

These are not double consonants (as the R and L hooks are) as there is a vowel before the N or F/V sound.

A final hook means a final consonant sound, as no vowel can come after it. The vowel signs are written to the stroke as normal. A third place vowel sign is written outside the hook.

N HOOK

Written clockwise on straight strokes:

pen pain Spain plan open bone bin

brown ten town train sixteen nineteen

done down chain join engine

**can (noun), coin keen clean skin crown

**Note that where K and G are on the line, the N hook is continued below the line

**gone again gain gun grown/groan

run rain won/one win hen yawn

retain pardon sudden hidden wooden
 

kitchen taken chicken begin barren
 

terrain everyone no-one between

runner winner foreign foreigner

opening training chaining joining beginning

Use Dot Ing after the upstrokes:
 

running raining winning twinning honing yawning

(B) Medially

Where it make a good join and clear outline, N Hook can be written in the middle of an outline:

plenty painful punish pansy bouncy
 

vacancy economy granary hundred

Stroke N is sometimes used medially in preference to the hook, to avoid having two hooks on the same side of the stroke, as this helps to keep the stroke straight:
 

pronounce printed brandy branded chronic

Compare these, where the hooks are on different sides:

planet planted blended blunted clinic

Stroke N is used medially where that is clearer:

suddenly painless panic tonic pinch

trench bunch branch binge plunge

range syringe dainty dentist dental

tenth Danish bounty bendy

(C) The final sound of -RN following other strokes is generally written with Ray and Hook N:

born burn barn turn
 

return western learn corn

mourn modern yarn darn

burner turner westerner learner

Use Dot Ing after the upstroke:

burning turning learning morning yearning

(D) N Hook is written inside curves:
 

fine phone often soften vine even

seven eleven thin then than assign zone
 

shine shown machine man main remain
 

nine none known line lone/loan lean
 

earn stern urn iron arrange orange
 

finish vanish fancy fining softening
 

phoning evening thinning assigning zoning

manning remaining demeaning earning

Use Dot Ing where stroke Ing cannot join:

shining shunning machining lining leaning

Use stroke N after the triphone beginning with U, this helps to signify the extra syllable:
 

genuine genuinely (pursue) pursuant

kiln Milne have no vowel before the N Hook

(E) Final vowel requires a final stroke

If a vowel follows the N sound, a full stroke is necessary so that the vowel sign can be written next to it. This indicates the presence of a vowel without having to write it:
 

pen penny bone bony tin tinny

train trainee Dan Danny chain China

John Johnny Ken Kenny grain granny

fun funny zone zany

shine shiny men many moon money
 

Nan nanny Len Lenny earn Ernie
 

rain rainy win Winnie hen honey

(F) Distinguishing Outlines

woman* women, human* humane

* Position is according to last vowel, in order to differentiate

Special outlines, to allow these more frequently occurring words to be written faster:

writing written compare normal outlines: righting rotten routine

Derivatives: handwriting* handwritten* typewriting typewritten

* It is helpful to introduce a slight angle between the first two strokes, to maintain clarity

Short Forms
 

been general-ly within southern northern opinion

Contractions
 

mechanical-ly financial-ly Note normal outlines: finance (two pronunciations)

(G) Phrases

The N Hook can represent "been, than, own, on" in phrases:
 

had been, have been, never been
 

more than, better than, larger than, smaller than, higher than
 

our own, your own but my own to distinguish from mine
 

going on, carry on, carried on, taking on

SUMMARY

• N Hook is written clockwise on straight strokes

• N Hook is written inside a curve

• Stroke N used if there is a final vowel sound: penny

• Stroke N used after the triphone beginning with U: genuine

EXTRA VOCABULARY

pine pin spin spoon prune plain

brain blown tun tune train

dine dawn Den drain drone drown

Jane Joan June Jean/Gene gin pigeon

imagine region origin surgeon

rattan ridden con cane crane clown

reckon beckon beacon deacon gown

grown clean Karen Darren

wine twine twin yen

fan fen fin stiffen vain/vane

heaven haven methane polythene

thine earthen shun shin sheen ocean

Asian ozone moan mean meaning

amen lemon determine noon noun

inane unknown* renown lawn lion lane

* Using two of stroke N for the negative, so that its meaning does not rely on the insertion of the first vowel sign

Milan earnest ironing spurn churn

pattern siren Kieran McLaren

Spanish banish brownish finished vanishing

refine roughen raven woven

planning pruning training drowning

imagining crowning Henry splendid

occupancy canary keenly economic kindred

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