INITIAL HOOKS 4 - ISH & ING

(A) HOOKED ISH
 

Sher stroke always goes down:

shred shriek shrink usher pusher pressure

trasher dasher blusher crusher kosher

fisher/fissure harsher masher gnasher rasher

Shel stroke always goes up:
 

facial official artificial superficial

partial marshal initial essential

potential spatial specialise

(B) The Shel stroke is sometimes used to obtain a convenient outline, even though there is a clear vowel:

shelf shelving shelved bookshelf

shellac eggshell tortoiseshell

bombshell nutshell shellfish

The Shel stroke is never used on its own, full strokes are required, and this is retained in the derivatives:

shell shelled seashell shale shallow

shallowness Sheila Shelley but note Ashley/Ashleigh to differentiate, following the outline for "ash"

(C) HOOKED ING

Hooked Ing represents ing-ker and ing-ger, as there are many more words with these sounds than the plain -ing-er.
 

pinker banker tanker tinker

drinker drunker canker conquer/conker/conger finger thinker

The "ing-ker/ing-ger" sounds, either alone or after upstrokes, are also represented by doubling, given in a later Lesson, to give better joins.

To represent -ing-er without the K or hard G sound, use strokes Ing + Ar:
 

singer ringer/wringer banger bringer

clanger ganger hanger winger

Note: some dialects of Northern Britain may include a hard G sound after "ing" in the above words.

(D) Distinguishing Outlines

specialised specialist

Short Forms

Derivative: younger

Contractions
 

influential satisfactory Derivatives: satisfactorily unsatisfactory

SUMMARY

• Sher always goes down

• Shel always goes up

• Shel never used on its own

• Ing is hooked for ing-ker and ing-ger sounds; continued under Doubling

• Ing-er sound uses Ing + Ar, not R Hook

EXTRA VOCABULARY

Cheshire gusher pressurise pressuring pressured

smasher lusher slasher polisher

demolisher washer fishery fissured officialdom

bushel palatial torrential nuptial

initialled* initialling residential presidential

* The Ish sits on the line here, as it is halved

slinger flinger springer

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