SES AND SWAY CIRCLES

(A) SES CIRCLE

The Ses Circle is a large circle that signifies the sounds of "sess sez zez" in the middle or end of an outline. It is written in the same way as Circle S. It is written approximately a third to half the length of the stroke.

It can have any vowel sound in its middle. If the vowel within it is a short E, being very common, that vowel sign is not written in:
 

pieces spaces buses/buzzes doses/dozes chooses juices

cases success faces/phases offices services

sizes ceases/seizes misses amasses noises senses necessary

 laces/lazes loses/looses horses races/raises houses uses

Other vowels, being less common, are written inside the circle:
 

exist insist resist

emphasis synthesis synopsis synopses

Texas census exhaust

exercise exercised exercising
 

emphasise emphasised emphasising

synthesise synthesised synthesising

A Circle S is added by continuing on the other side:
 

successes censuses exercises emphasises

(B) There is a group of outlines that do not use the Ses Circle, generally verbs, this is to keep the main verbal derivatives similar to the basic form:
 

possess possesses possessing, access accesses accessing

The past tenses of the above are covered in Lesson 19 Halving

recess recesses recessed recessing

incise incises incised incising

Some adjectives and nouns that are derivatives of the above examples do use the Ses Circle, as they are not part of the verb:
 

possessive possessively possessor accessible recessive
 

excessive excessively, incisive incisively

Original forms are retained, so words like the following do not use Circle Ses:
 

policy policies, fallacy fallacies

mercy mercies, lessee lessees
 

Lucy Lucy's, Lizzie Lizzie's

Rosie Rosie's, Nancy Nancy's

Ses Circle is not used on its own (other than the short forms below) or if the word ends in a vowel:
 

sauce size says sees/seas/seize/cease - sauces sizes assesses seizes/ceases

saucy sassy Assisi so-so see-saw see-saws

In a few words, the Ses Circle is used to signify two S's which are not always sounded clearly separately in speech, but using it helps with reading back:
 

bus-stop misspell misspelling house-sparrow

The Ses Circle is also used in a few words to signify two circles - the Circle S and the circle of the Hay stroke:
 

race-horse post-haste* doss-house Fitzhugh

* Omits the first T sound

(C) Distinguishing Outlines

Some similar sets of outlines need a vowel sign to distinguish them:
 

base plural: bases; basis plural: bases (=bay-seez)
 

axe plural: axes; axis plural: axes (=ak-seez)

Short Forms
 

as is, is as, themselves ourselves myself himself itself

But full strokes for yourself herself it's*

* Always include the vowel sign in apostrophied phrases

The large lone circles can stand for any pairing of the four words "as, has, is, his" and the position follows the vowel of the first word in the pair:

Above the line:
as is, as his, as has, has his
 

On the line:
is as, is his, his is, his has

Phrases
 

this is, this is the, this city, in these cities, this subject, on these subjects
 

New York, United States, United States of America, San Francisco

Distinguishing Outlines

Misses Mrs

(D) SWAY CIRCLE

As the Ses Circle is not used at the beginning of an outline, this same large circle is used for the initial sound of SW. It is written in the same way as Circle S and is always read first. It is never used for SW in the middle or end of an outline, and there is no vowel between the S and W sounds.
 

swap sweep swab swat/swot sweet/suite
 

swayed/suède Swedish switch swag suave swiftest*

* "swift" is covered in Lesson 19 Halving
 

Swiss swizz swash swish swim
 

swan swoon swing swell swallow swallowed
 

swear swirl swirled swarm soirée

It cannot be used on its own or in the middle, so stroke Way is used:
 

sway Swahili rosewood pass-way

(E) Phrases

The Sway Circle is used at the beginning of phrases for the words "as we" and "as w-"
 

as we have, as we know, as we had, as we can, as we are, as we think
 

as we may, as well, as well as, as will be seen, as we*, this way

* Write in full, where it cannot be phrased with the next outline

In a few phrases, an initial large circle is used for S-S:
 

as soon as, as soon as we have, as soon as they, as soon as they have, as soon as it is

SUMMARY

• Ses is a large circle half the length of the stroke

• Used only at the end of a stroke

• Short E sound is not indicated, other vowel signs are written inside

• Add Circle S by continuing on the other side of the stroke

• In compound words, can be used for two Circle S, or Circle S and the circle of Upward Hay

• Sway is a large circle written at the beginning of an outline

• Sway is not used in the middle or end of an outline

• Large circle used for "as w-" or "as-s" at the beginning of a phrase

EXTRA VOCABULARY

poses passes disposes causes successive

boxes fixes mixes gases gazes

offices refuses voices invoices assizes

thesis maces/mazes muses amazes amuses

noses nieces minces necessity

losses leases rises roses hoses hazes

swoop swipe sweat swatch switchback

swig swath swathe swimmer swansong swine

swingeing swank swarthy swelling swill

swore swizzle tarsus rhesus nexus

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